ANNEXURE 1 - SPAASH Brick Specification

Title of Invention:
SPAASH BRICK

Field of Invention: Construction(Building Block/Brick)

Background of invention: Eventhough Many varieties of bricks are already available in market, they make use of only natural material like clay, sand or gravel. But our invention makes use of only the industrial wastes which will affect the soil and ground water if it is disposed on soil.

This invention will help to save the environment with effectively recycling the industrial wastes without affecting the environment. Also India being a developing country, needs lot of infrastructure development which will subsequently require lot of building block/brick for construction. The innovation in SPAASH bricks is it makes use of copper slag, phospho gypsum and gypsum which will pollute the environment if disposed freely on soil.

Object of invention: SPAASH bricks contain mainly phospho gypsum, gypsum, flyash and copper slag and a very little amount of cement.

Claims : Mix Ratio
(i)[G+PG+C]:FA:CS = 1:2:2 where G:PG:C = 1:1:1
With Aerator 0.1% and W/c =0.35% of binder powders.

1) Size:
230 x110 x70 mm
200x 100 x 100 mm (Can be available in other suitable sizes depending on the requirement

2) Compressive Strength:
Avg. 7 N /mm2 to 12 N /mm2 (As against 3.5 N /mm2 for handmade clay bricks)

3) Water Absorption:
8-12 % (As against 20 to 25% for Clay Bricks)
4) Efflorescence: Nil

5) Density: 1950 Kg/m3

6) Weight:
230 x110 x70 mm
200x 100 x 100 mm (Weight about 3.5 to 3.8 kg.)

7) Composition:-
I. Thermal Station Fly Ash Type A
II. Slag from copper industry
III. Phosphogypsum, Gypsum - waste from fertilizer industry.
IV. Cement: OPC 43 Grade
ADVANTAGES:-

1. Due to high strength, practically no breakage during transport & use.

2. Due to uniform size of bricks mortar required for joints & plaster reduces almost by 50%.

3. Due to lower water penetration seepage of water through bricks is considerably reduced.

4. It was found to be 75% more cost effective and 50% - 65% more efficient when compared with the conventional clay bricks in terms of materials, strength and production process.

5. It can also be observed that the SPAASH bricks are produced by utilizing industrial waste about 90% which proved to be more economical when compared with the usual clay bricks.

6. Utilization of these wastes additives is not only for conservation of clay resources, but also to provide an alternative solution to difficult and expensive waste disposal problems.

7. Moreover, it also aids in reducing the usage of conservation resources as well as labour and material. Further, these industrial wastes can be used as alternative materials instead of using natural resources like river sand and gravel.

8. This will help in reducing the usage of cement of about 10% - 15% on whole in brick production, which in turn reduces CO2 emission.

9. The usage of these eco- friendly materials will considerably reduce the self-weight of multi-storied buildings by 20% - 30%.

10. The embodied energy for all the experimented by-products is taken as zero which will reduce the total life cycle energy demand dramatically by incorporating sustainable strategies in the design process itself.

11. Utilizing SPAASH bricks in construction industry will solve the environmental problem due to industrial waste.

12. Utilizing SPAASH bricks results is in harmony with the nature.

REFERENCE STANDARDS:

Indian Standard specification for Method of test for aggregates in concrete IS: 2386(Part 1 & III) - 1963, Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi, pp.4-8.

Indian Standard specification for Pulverized fuel ash - lime brick specification IS: 12894 - 2002, Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi, pp. 1-3.
Indian Standard specification for Method of test of burnt clay brick IS: 3495(Part 1 to IV) -1992, Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi, pp. 1-7.

Indian Standard specification for Method of split tensile strength IS: 5816 - 1999, Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi, pp.3-4.

Standard schedule of rates for basic building materials (2013 - 2014) by Public Works Department, government of Tamil Nadu.pp.13.

ANNEXURE 2 - DESCRIPTION OF SPAASH BRICK

A feasibility study was undertaken on the production of fly ash-copper slag-gypsum-phosphogypsum bricks in order to minimize the problems of building blocks shortage and at the same time to build houses economically by utilizing industrial wastes. The main aim of this invention is to resolve the problems of disposal and health hazards caused by the by-products like copper slag and fly ash to avoid the depletion of natural resources. Some of the industrial by-products have been successfully used in the construction industry for the production of bricks. Both fly ash and copper slag are the materials that are considered as a waste material which could have a promising future in the construction industry as partial substitutes of either cement or aggregates. The unit weight, compressive strength, flexural strength, dimensional stability and water absorption of these bricks are investigated.

COMPARISON OF BASIC MATERIALS AND NEEDS STRENGTH COMPARISON

COST ANALYSIS

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS BRICKS

ANNEXURE 4 – CLAIMS

Claims : Mix Ratio

(i)[G+PG+C]:FA:CS = 1:2:2 where G:PG:C = 1:1:1

With Aerator 0.1% and W/c =0.35% of binder powders.

[PG+C]:FA:CS =1:2:2 where PG+C = 0.6+0.4

With Aerator 0.1% and W/c =0.35% of binder powders W/b = water binder ratio